Evozierte Potenziale – Reminder und Update

Mit Hilfe der evozierten Potenziale und der magnetisch evozierten motorischen Potenziale können verlängerte Latenzen zentraler Leitungsbahnen und peripherer Nerven nachgewiesen oder ausgeschlossen werden. Somit können Symptome objektiviert und quantifiziert sowie Läsionen lokalisiert werden. In diesem Beitrag werden Durchführung und Indikationen der einzelnen Modalitäten zusammengefasst und Neuerungen berichtet.

Abstract

Evoked potentials (EP, acoustic AEP, somatosensory SEP, visual VEP) and magnetically evoked motor potentials (MEP) provide accurate measurements of latencies in the stimulated pathway. The indication for investigating the functions of central pathways and peripheral nerves is the demonstration or exclusion of prolonged latencies. Thus, symptoms can be objectified and quantified as well as (symptomatic or asymptomatic) lesions localized. In this review, the procedures and indications of the different EP modalities are summarized and novelties reported. The particular importance of EP for the diagnosis and prognosis of multiple sclerosis is further highlighted.

Schlüsselwörter

Evozierte Potenziale - Durchführung - Indikationen - Leitungszeit - multiple Sklerose

Keywords

Evoked potentials - procedure - indications - conduction time - multiple sclerosis

• Literatur

• 1 Stöhr M, Dichgans J, Diener Ch. Evozierte Potentiale–SEP, VEP. AEP. 1. Aufl. Berlin: Springer; 1982
• 2 Lowitzsch K, Maurer K, Hopf HC. Hrsg. Evozierte Potenziale bei Erwachsenen und Kindern. 1. Aufl. Stuttgart: Thieme; 1983
• 3 Buchner H. Hrsg. Praxisbuch–Evozierte Potenziale. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2014
• 4 Buchner H, Milnik V. SOP Methodik evozierter Potenziale. Klin Neurophysiol 2019; 50: 96-106
• 5 Buchner H, Claßen J, Gobbele R. Evozierte Potenziale–Qualitatssicherung–Neues in der klinischen Anwendung. Klin Neurophysiol 2007; 38: 101-111 doi:10.1055/s-2007-977731
• 6 Bischof C, Buchner H. Hrsg. SOPs Neurophysiologische Diagnostik. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2018
• 7 Husain AM. Illustrated manual of clinical evoked potentials. New York: Springer; 2018
• 8 Dawson GD. A summation technique for detection of small evoked potentials. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1954; 6: 65-84
• 9 Cruccu G, Aminoff MJ, Curio G. et al. Recommendations for the clinical use of somatosensory-evoked potantials. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119: 1705-1719
• 10 Bender A. Kommission Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN). S1-Leitlinie „Hypoxisch-ischämische Enzephalopathie (HIE) im Erwachsenenalter“. 2018; Im Internet: https://dgn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/030119_LL_Hypoxische_Enzephalopathie_2018.pdf (Stand: 22.06.2021)
• 11 Richtlinie gemäß § 16 Abs. 1 S. 1 Nr. 1 TPG für die Regeln zur Feststellung des Todes nach § 3 Abs. 1 S. 1 Nr. 2 TPG und die Verfahrensregeln zur Feststellung des endgültigen, nicht behebbaren Ausfalls der Gesamtfunktion des Großhirns, des Kleinhirns und des Hirnstamms nach § 3 Abs. 2 Nr. 2 TPG, Vierte Fortschreibung. Dtsch Arztebl 2015; 112 (27–28): A-1256 / B-1052 / C-1024
• 12 Weise D, Adamidis M, Pizzolato F. et al. Assessment of brainstem function with auricular branch of vagus nerve stimulation in Parkinsonʼs disease. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0120786 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120786
• 13 Katsarava Z, Ayzenberg I, Sack F. et al. A novel method of eliciting pain-related potentials by transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Headache 2006; 46: 1511-1517 doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00446.x
• 14 Hansen H, Obermann M, Uçeyler N. et al. Clinical application of pain-related evoked potentials. Schmerz 2012; 1: 8-15 doi:10.1007/s00482-011-1117-1
• 15 Halliday AM, McDonald WI, Mushin J. Visual evoked response in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Br Med J 1973; 4: 661-664
• 16 Holder GE, Celesia GG, Miyake Y. et al. International federation of Clinical Neurophysiology: Recommendations for visual system testing. Clin Neurophysiol 2010; 121: 1393-1409
• 17 Zafeiropoulos P, Katsanos A, Kitsos G. et al. The contribution of multifocal visual evoked potentials in patients with optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis: a review. Doc Ophthalmol 2021; 142: 283-292 doi:10.1007/s10633-020-09799-4
• 18 Jewett DL, Romano MN, Williston JS. Human auditory evoked potentials: possible brain stem components detected on the scalp. Science 1970; 167: 1517-1518
• 19 Pratt H, Aminoff M, Nuwer MR. et al. Short-latency auditory evoked potentials. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1999; 52: 69-77
• 20 Szelényi A, Prell J. Klinische Neurophysiologie im Operationssaal. Klin Neurophysiol 2019; 69: 193-205
• 21 Barker AT, Jalinous R, Freeston IL. Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet 1985; 1: 1106-1107 doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92413-4
• 22 Groppa S, Oliviero A, Eisen A. et al. A practical guide to diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation: report of an IFCN Committee. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123: 858-882
• 23 Chen R, Dros D, Curra A. et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation: report of an IFCN Committee. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119: 504-553
• 24 Rossi S, Hallet M, Rossini PM. et al. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin Neurophysiol 2009; 120: 2008-2039
• 25 Rossini PM, Burke B, Chen R. et al. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126: 1071-1107
• 26 Latorre A, Rocchi L, Berardelli A. et al. The interindividual variability of transcranial magnetic stimulation effects: implications for diagnostic use in movement disorders. Mov Disord 2019; 34: 936-949 doi:10.1002/mds.27736
• 27 Pouget J, Trefouret S, Attarian S. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): compared sensitivity of different motor response parameters in ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord 2000; 1: S45-S49
• 28 Rösler KM. Triple Stimulationstechnik. Siebner H, Ziemann U. Das TMS-Buch. Berlin: Springer; 2007: 119-132
• 29 Lefaucheur JP, Aleman A, Baeken C. et al. Corrigendum to „Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014–2018)“ [Clin. Neurophysiol. 131 (2020) 474–528]. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131: 1168-1169 doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.02.003
• 30 Nikolov P, Heil V, Hartmann CJ. et al. Motor evoked potentials improve targeting in deep brain stimulation surgery. Neuromodulation 2021 [Online ahead of print]. doi:10.1111/ner.13386
• 31 Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F. et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17: 162-173 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-2
• 32 Magnano I, Pes GM, Pilurzi G. et al. Exploring brainstem function in multiple sclerosis by combining brainstem reflexes, evoked potentials, clinical and MRI investigations. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125: 2286-2296 doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.03.016
• 33 Di Maggio G, Santangelo R, Guerrieri S. et al. Optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potentials: Which is more sensitive in multiple sclerosis?. Mult Scler 2014; 20: 1342-1347 doi:10.1177/1352458514524293
• 34 Giffroy X, Maes N, Albert A. et al. Multimodal evoked potentials for functional quantification and prognosis in multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurology 2016; 16: 83 doi:10.1186/s12883-016-0608-1
• 35 Hardmeier M, Leocani L, Fuhr P. A new role for evoked potentials in MS? Repurposing evoked potentials as biomarkers for clinical trials in MS. Mult Scler 2017; 23: 1309-1319 doi:10.1177/1352458517707265
• 36 London F, El Sankari S, van Pesch V. Early disturbances in multimodal evoked potentials as a prognostic factor for long-term disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128: 561-569 doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2016.12.029
• 37 Schlaeger R, DʼSouza M, Schindler C. et al. Prediction of MS disability by multimodal evoked potentials: investigation during relapse or in the relapse-free interval?. Clin Neurophys 2014; 125: 1889-1892 doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.12.117